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1.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 19(4): e210116, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1356548

ABSTRACT

A new species of Satanoperca is described from the Rio Araguaia, Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil, and non-native records are available in the upper Rio Paraná basin. It differs from congeneric species by color pattern characters, such as head and flank marks. It is included in the Satanoperca jurupari species group, characterized by the absence of black rounded blotches on the flank, and low meristic values. A description of the ontogeny of melanophore marks of the S. jurupari species group revealed two different types of arrangement on the flank and numerous melanophore marks on the head. A discussion on morphologically diverse assemblages in the S. jurupari species group is also provided.(AU)


Uma nova espécie de Satanoperca é descrita do rio Araguaia, bacia do rio Tocantins, Brasil, e registros não-nativos estão disponíveis para a bacia do alto rio Paraná. Pode ser diagnosticada de suas congêneres por caracteres do padrão de colorido como marcas na cabeça e flanco. É incluída no grupo Satanoperca jurupari pela ausência de máculas pretas arredondadas no flanco e menores valores de contagens. Uma descrição da ontogenia das marcas melanofóricas do grupo S. jurupari revelou dois tipos diferentes de arranjos no flanco e várias marcas melanofóricas na cabeça. Uma discussão sobre assembleias morfologicamente diversas no grupo S. jurupari também é fornecida.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/classification , Pigmentation
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 750-753, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057970

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan of wild and cultured marine fish. It causes white spot disease, and infections with this pathogen can cause significant losses for aquarists and commercial marine cultures worldwide. This study reports the occurrence of C. irritans parasitizing the ornamental reef fish, yellowtail tang, Zebrasoma xanthurum. Six days after being introduced to a new environment, 11 yellowtail tangs had white spots scattered across their bodies and fins. Suspicion of infection with C. irritans was evaluated by scraping the skin to confirm clinical diagnosis. After confirmation, the yellowtail tangs were transferred to a hospital aquarium and treated with the therapeutic agent Seachem Cupramine® for 15 days. During the treatment period, the copper concentration was monitored daily. At the end of the treatment, none of the yellowtail tangs showed clinical signs of white spots on their bodies, and skin scraping confirmed the yellowtail tangs were no longer infected. Subsequently, the yellowtail tangs were released for sale.


Resumo Cryptocaryon irritans é um protozoário ciliado parasita obrigatório de peixes marinhos selvagens e cultivados. Causa a doença dos "pontos brancos". Infecções por esse patógeno pode causar perdas significativas para aquaristas e para marinocultura comercial em todo o mundo. Este estudo relata a ocorrência de C. irritans parasitando a espécie de peixe ornamental de recife Zebrasoma xanthurum. Seis dias após serem introduzidos no novo ambiente, onze peixes apresentaram pontos brancos espalhados pelo corpo e nadadeiras. Suspeitando de infecção por C. irritans foi realizado raspado de pele para confirmar o diagnóstico clínico. Após a confirmação, os peixes foram transferidos para um aquário hospital e tratados com o agente terapêutico Seachem Cupramine® por 15 dias. Durante o período de tratamento o monitoramento da concentração de cobre foi diário através da utilização de um fotômetro. Após o final do tratamento, todos os peixes já não apresentavam mais sinais clínicos de pontos brancos pelo corpo, e foram negativos no raspado de pele, sendo foram encaminhados para comercialização.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/parasitology , Ciliophora Infections/veterinary , Ciliophora/isolation & purification , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Perciformes/classification , Ciliophora/classification , Aquaculture
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(2): 266-282, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013738

ABSTRACT

Abstract Forty specimens of the Narrowstripe cardinal fish Apogon exostigma were examined for gastrointestinal helminthes, and 62.5% were infected with a new trypanorhynchid larval cestode parasite. The morphology of its larval stage was studied based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The data revealed plerocercoid larvae characterized by a pyriform body lined with prominent microtriches; the acraspedote scolex had four overlapping bothridia; four tentacles protruded through the pars bothridialis; the armature of the tentacles was homeocanthous, homeomorphous, and consisted of falcate compact rose-thorn-shaped tentacular hooks; four oval-shaped bulbs in pars bulbosa; and short appendix at terminal end of the body. Molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA sequences verified the taxonomy of this parasite and supported its morphology. We discovered that there was a close identity (up to 87%) with alternative species obtained for comparison from GenBank. The data also showed that there were high blast scores and low divergence values between this parasite and other Tentaculariidae species. The phyletic analysis showed that parasite sequences in conjunction with existing data places this trypanorhynchid species among the Tentaculariidae. This species is deeply embedded within genus Nybelinia with close relationships to Nybelinia queenslandensis as a putative sister taxon.


Resumo Quarenta espécimes do peixe cardinal Apogon exostigma da Narrowstripe foram examinados para identificar helmintos gastrointestinais, destes 62,5% foram infectados com um novo parasito larval cestóide tripanorrinquídeo. A morfologia de seu estágio larval foi estudada na microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Os dados revelaram larvas plerocercoides caracterizadas por uma forma piriforme com um corpo revestido por microtrícinos proeminentes; o escolex acraspedótico tinha quatro sobreposições; quatro tentáculos se projetavam através da pars botridialis; a armadura dos tentáculos era homeocante, homeomorfa e consistia de ganchos tentaculares em forma de espinhos, em forma de falcão; quatro bulbos ovais em pars bulbosa; e apêndice curto na extremidade terminal do corpo. A análise molecular das sequências de RNAr 18S verificou a taxonomia desse parasita e apoiou sua morfologia. Descobrimos que havia uma identidade próxima (até 87%) com espécies alternativas obtidas para comparação do GenBank. Os dados também mostraram que houve altos escores de brusone e baixos valores de divergência entre este parasita e outras espécies de Tentaculariidae. A análise filética mostrou que as sequências de parasitas em conjunto com os dados existentes colocam esta espécie de tripanorimidídeo entre os Tentaculariidae. Esta espécie está profundamente enraizada no gênero Nybelinia, tendo relações próximas com Nybelinia queenslandensis como um putativo táxon irmão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/parasitology , Cestoda/isolation & purification , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Phylogeny , Perciformes/classification , RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics , Cestoda/anatomy & histology , Cestoda/classification , Cestoda/genetics
4.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 17(1): e180024, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1002714

ABSTRACT

The sciaenid genus Bairdiella comprises a group of relatively small fishes found in inshore waters and estuaries of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. Despite recent analyses of the phylogenetic relationships of Bairdiella, there has been no comprehensive revision of the alpha taxonomy of the species of the genus. Bairdiella ronchus from the western Atlantic, has a complex taxonomic history, with four junior synonyms recognized. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, this study indicates that B. ronchus represents a species complex. The species is therefore redescribed and its geographic range is redefined. Bairdiella veraecrucis, which is currently recognized as a junior synonym of B. ronchus, is revalidated, and a new species of the genus is described from the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Finally, inferences are made on the diversity and biogeography of the B. ronchus species complex.(AU)


O gênero Bairdiella compreende um grupo de peixes relativamente pequenos encontrados em águas costeiras e estuários do Atlântico ocidental e leste do Pacífico. Apesar das análises recentes das relações filogenéticas de Bairdiella, não houve revisão abrangente da taxonomia alfa das espécies do gênero. Bairdiella ronchus, do Atlântico ocidental, tem uma história taxonômica complexa, com quatro sinônimos juniores reconhecidos. Baseado em evidências morfológicas e moleculares, este estudo indica que B. ronchus representa um complexo de espécies. A espécie é, portanto, redescrita e seu alcance geográfico é redefinido. Bairdiella veraecrucis, atualmente reconhecida como sinônimo júnior de B. ronchus, é revalidada, e uma nova espécie do gênero é descrita na costa atlântica do Brasil. Finalmente, inferências são feitas sobre a diversidade e biogeografia do complexo de espécies de B. ronchus.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/classification
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 415-419, July-Sept. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042476

ABSTRACT

Abstract Three species of snappers from artisanal, small-scale fisheries were examined for the presence of parasites. A total of 139 lutjanid fish were collected: 69 specimens of Lutjanus analis, 47 specimens of Lutjanus vivanus, and 23 specimens of Lutjanus synagris. Encysted plerocercoid of trypanorhynch cestodes found at necropsy in the viscera of snappers were sampled for parasitological analysis. These plerocercoid larvae belong to the genera Floriceps, Pseudogrillotia , and Oncomegas. Although these parasites do not have any zoonotic potential, fish with heavy loads of plerocercoids are rejected during inspection as they compromise meat hygiene. Our findings suggest that light larval cestode infections in lutjanids would not lead to consumer rejection of the food product. The occurrence of Floriceps sp. in L. analis and in L. synagris, of Pseudogrillotia sp. in L. vivanus and in L. synagris , and of Oncomegas sp. in L. synagris are new findings in these fish species. These parasites are new to these fish species and have not been reported in snappers from the northeast coast of Brazil. The results contribute to the existing body of knowledge about the parasitic fauna of fish and its distribution along the coastline of Brazil.


Resumo Três espécies de pargos de pescaria artesanal e de pequena escala foram examinadas quanto à presença de parasitas. Um total de 139 peixes lutjanídeos foram coletados: 69 espécimes de Lutjanus analis, 47 de Lutjanus vivanus e 23 de Lutjanus synagris. Cistos de plerocercóides de cestodas Trypanorhyncha encontrados durante a necrópsia nas vísceras de pargos foram amostrados para análise parasitológica. Estas larvas plerocercóides pertencem aos gêneros Floriceps, Pseudogrillotia e Oncomegas. Embora esses parasitas não tenham qualquer potencial zoonótico, peixes com elevadas cargas de plerocercóides são rejeitados durante a inspeção, pois comprometem a higiene da carne. Os achados sugerem que baixas infecções por essas formais larvais de cestodas em lutjanídeos não levariam a rejeição do consumidor quanto ao produto alimentar. A ocorrência de Floriceps sp. em L. analis e em L. synagris, de Pseudogrillotia sp. em L. vivanus e em L. syngaris, e de Oncomegas sp. em L. synagris são novas descobertas nestas espécies de peixes. Estes parasitas são novos para essas espécies de peixes e não foram relatados em pargos da costa nordeste do Brasil. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento existente sobre a fauna parasitária do peixe e sua distribuição ao longo do litoral do Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Parasites/isolation & purification , Parasites/classification , Perciformes/parasitology , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Perciformes/classification , Brazil
6.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 16(4)out. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-964154

ABSTRACT

Digestive proteases were partially characterized in sheepshead juveniles, using biochemical and electrophoretic techniques. Results showed higher activity level of the stomach proteases (2.39 ± 0.02 U mg protein-1) compared to the intestinal proteases (1.6 ± 0.1 U mg protein-1). The activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase A was also recorded. The optimum temperature of the stomach proteases was recorded at 45 °C, while for intestinal proteases was recorded at 55 °C. Stomach proteases showed less stability to temperature changes than intestinal proteases. An optimum pH of 2 was recorded for stomach proteases with high stability under acidic conditions, while an optimum pH of 9 was recorded for intestinal proteases showing high stability under alkaline conditions. Stomach proteases were inhibited around 78% with Pepstatin A, indicating the presence of pepsin as the main protease. The stomach proteases zymogam revealed one active band with Rf of 0.49, this enzyme was completely inhibited by Pepstatin A. The intestinal proteases zymogram revealed four active proteases (51.3, 34.9, 27.8 and 21.2 kDa) that were inhibited by TLCK, which mainly represent a trypsin-like serine proteases. It can be conclude that digestion in sheepshead can be considered as a carnivorous species with an omnivorous tendency.(AU)


Se caracterizaron parcialmente las proteasas digestivas de juveniles del sargo, utilizando técnicas bioquímicas y electroforéticas. Los resultados muestran mayores niveles de actividad en las proteasas estomacales (2.39 ± 0.02 U mg proteina-1) comparados con los de las proteasas intestinales (1.6 ± 0.1 U mg protein-1), también se registró la actividad de tripsina, quimotripsina, leucina aminopeptidasa y carboxipeptidasa A. La temperatura óptima de las proteasas estomacales fue de 45 °C, mientras que la de las proteasas intestinales fue de 55 °C. El pH óptimo fue de 2 para las proteasas estomacales con alta estabilidad a condiciones ácidas, mientras que el pH óptimo para las proteasas intestinales fue de 9, mostrando una alta estabilidad en condiciones alcalinas. Las actividades de las proteasas estomacales fue inhibida en un 78% con Pepstatina A, lo que indica la presencia de pepsina, como principal proteasa. El zimograma de proteasas estomacales reveló una sola banda con actividad proteasa, con Rf de 0.49, completamente inhibida por Pepstatina A. El zimograma de proteasas intestinales reveló cuatro bandas (51.3, 34.9, 27.8 y 21.2 kDa). Todas las bandas se inhibieron con TLCK, lo que muestra la presencia principalmente de serina proteasas tipo tripsina. Se concluye que la digestión del sargo puede ser considerada como la de una especie carnívora con tendencia al omnivorismo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Peptide Hydrolases/classification , Perciformes/classification , Aquaculture , Enzyme Precursors/classification
7.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 16(4): e180118, out. 2018. tab, ilus, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-976301

ABSTRACT

A new mouth breeder species of Gymnogeophagus is described from a tributary of the río Uruguay. It is distinguished from most species of the genus by the presence of hypertrophied lips, and from G. labiatus and G. pseudolabiatus by the color pattern. The presence of successive allopatric species of the Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys clade inhabiting the tributaries of the río Uruguay is discussed.(AU)


Una nueva especie incubadora bucal de Gymnogeophagus es descripta de un tributario del Río Uruguay. Se distingue de la mayoría de las especies del género por la presencia de labios hipertrofiados, y de G. labiatus y G. pseudolabiatus por su patrón de coloración. Se discute la presencia de sucesivas especies alopátricas del clado Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys habitando los tributarios del Río Uruguay.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/classification , Gingival Hypertrophy/veterinary
8.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3,supl): 2095-2100, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886813

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In the present study, a novel set of eight EPIC primers were developed for Lutjanus purpureus and assayed in five other marine teleosts including three lutjanids, one scianid and one anablepid. Most of the genomic regions used in this study presented genetic diversity indexes equal or greater than the intragenic regions commonly used in population genetics studies. Moreover, six out of eight markers showed cross-amplification with other taxa. Thus, the primers described here may be used to elucidate questions at the intraspecific level for a large number of taxa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Phylogeny , Genetic Variation , Perciformes/classification , Genetic Markers , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Genetics, Population
9.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(1): e160102, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-841887

ABSTRACT

Two Coryphaena hippurus morphotypes (dourado and palombeta) are found along the Brazilian coast and are considered by Rio de Janeiro’s fisherman and fishmongers as two different species. Furthermore, these morphotypes are commercialized under different values and suffer different fishing pressure. Therefore, a definition of their taxonomic status is an important economic and biological matter. In order to investigate this problem, allozyme electrophoresis method was undertaken for seventeen loci on 117 individuals of C. hippurus sampled at Cabo Frio/RJ (Brazil). The data indicate homogeneity between the morphotypes gene pools. Nevertheless, differences were found for genetic variation among dourado and palombeta, especially due to alcohol dehydrogenase locus. Natural selection hypothesis is discussed in explaining these findings.(AU)


Dois morfotipos de Coryphaena hippurus (dourado e palombeta) encontrados ao longo da costa brasileira são considerados espécies diferentes por pescadores e mercadores das regiões de desembarque do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além disso, esses morfotipos são comercializados por valores diferentes e sofrem diferentes pressões de pesca. Desta forma, a definição do status taxonômico desses morfotipos é importante, tanto em termos econômicos quanto biológicos. A fim de investigar esse problema foi utilizado o método de eletroforese de aloenzimas com a amostragem de dezessete loci para 117 indivíduos dos dois morfotipos de C. hippurus obtidos em desembarques pesqueiros na região de Cabo Frio/RJ (Brasil). Os dados indicaram uma homogeneidade entre os conjuntos gênicos dos morfotipos. A despeito disso, diferenças entre os conjuntos gênicos de dourado e palombeta foram encontradas, devido, especialmente, ao locus álcool desidrogenase. A hipótese de seleção natural é discutida como possível explicação para esses resultados.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Classification , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/classification , Biochemistry , Fisheries , Oxidoreductases
10.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(2): e160047, 2017. tab, graf, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-841890

ABSTRACT

Red and black groupers are large-bodied opportunistic ambush predators commonly found in Southwestern Atlantic tropical reefs. We investigated the diet of both species in order to detail ontogenetic, spatial and temporal trends, and to assess the extent of overlap in resource use between these two sympatric predators on the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Decapods and fishes were the main food items of Epinephelus morio while fishes were the main prey of Mycteroperca bonaci. Both diets were significantly influenced by body size and habitat, but only smaller individuals of E. morio feed almost exclusively on crustaceans. While the two groupers rely on many of the same prey types, coexistence may be facilitated by E. morio feeding more heavily on crustaceans, particularly the blackpoint sculling crab Cronius ruber, while black grouper take comparatively few crustaceans but lots of fish prey. Predators like red and black groupers could trigger indirect effects in the community and influence a large range of ecological processes, such as linkages between top and intermediate predators, and intermediate predators and their resources.(AU)


A garoupa e o badejo-verdadeiro são predadores oportunistas de grande porte, com estratégia de emboscada, comumente encontrados em recifes tropicais do Atlântico Sul. A dieta das duas espécies foi investigada, avaliando influências ontogenéticas, espaciais e temporais, assim como a sobreposição no uso de recursos entre estes dois predadores co-orrentes no Banco dos Abrolhos, Brasil. Decápodes e peixes foram os principais itens alimentares de Epinephelus morio, enquanto que os peixes foram as principais presas de Mycteroperca bonaci. Ambas as dietas foram significativamente influenciadas pelo tamanho corporal e habitat, mas apenas indivíduos menores de E. morio alimentaram-se quase que exclusivamente de crustáceos. Como as duas espécies utilizam muitas presas semelhantes, a coexistencia parece ser facilitada pelo fato de E. morio se alimentar principalmente de crustáceos, particularmente do caranguejo Cronius ruber, enquanto que o badejo-verdadeiro consome relativamente poucos crustáceos e grande quantidade de peixes. Predadores como as espécies estudadas podem causar efeitos indiretos na comunidade e influenciar uma grande variedade de processos ecológicos, como conexões entre predadores de topo e intermediários e predadores intermediários e seus recursos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Nutrition Ecology , Perciformes/classification , Food Chain , Eating
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(1): 353-362, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-843283

ABSTRACT

ResumenEl pez león (P. volitans), ha invadido todo el Caribe mexicano y Golfo de México, con un potencial de causar impactos negativos en el arrecife. En el sur del Caribe Mexicano se registró por vez primera en julio 2009, y a seis años del primer reporte, se han implementado algunas medidas de control como torneos de pesca y su comercialización local. No obstante, la información sobre su biología e inicio de invasión aún es escasa, por lo que este estudio analizó la estructura poblacional de 2 164 organismos recolectados entre 2009 y 2012, un incremento en las tallas para cada año fue observado, con promedios de Longitud Total (Lt): 118 ± 34.8, 133 ± 56.3, 187 ± 74.8 y 219 ± 72.4 mm respectivamente. El establecimiento del pez león en el área de estudio es demostrado por la presencia de tallas juveniles (20 mm Lt) hasta organismos de 375 mm Lt. Al realizar el retrocálculo de las longitudes obtenidas se estimó que el organismo de mayor talla pudo reclutarse a principios del 2006, tres años antes del primer reporte. Un monitoreo continuo de la población así como un estudio ecológico, nos permitirá dilucidar el impacto real en los ecosistemas de la región y así proponer las medidas de control más efectivas.


AbstractThe lionfish (P. volitans) has now invaded all the Mexican Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with the potential to cause negative impacts on the reefs. In the South Mexican Caribbean was firstly reported in July 2009, and six years after this report, some control measures such as fish tournament and local marketing have been implemented. However, information on its biology and invasion is still-lacking, so this study analyzed the population structure of 2 164 organisms collected from 2009 to 2012. An increase was observed in sizes for each year averaging Total length (Tl): 118 ± 34.8, 133 ± 56.3, 187 ± 74.8 and 219 ± 72.4 mm, respectively. Lionfish establishment at the study site is shown for the presence of juveniles' sizes 20 mm TL up to 375 mm TL. When the back-calculation was obtained, we estimated that the larger fish could have recruited in early 2006, three years before the first report was made. A continuous population monitoring and an ecological study, will allow us to clarify the real impact in the ecosystems of the region and so to propose the most effective control actions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 353-362. Epub 2016 March 01.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/growth & development , Introduced Species , Mexico
12.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 18(1): 27-32, jan.-mar. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-151

ABSTRACT

As análises da relação entre características biométricas em juvenis de robalo-flecha (Centropomus undecimalis) cultivados proporcionam dados importantes para avaliação da biologia e do crescimento, entretanto, mais estudos são necessários nessa área. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo investigar em juvenis de robalo-flecha cultivados, a relação entre o peso vivo com a distância pré-dorsal, largura, comprimento da nadadeira caudal, altura do pedúnculo caudal, altura, comprimento da cabeça, comprimento padrão e comprimento total, identificando o tipo de crescimento envolvido nessa relação. As características comprimento total, comprimento padrão, altura e comprimento da cabeça, apresentaram alta correlação com o peso vivo variando entre 0,92 e 0,94. O tipo de crescimento entre as características relacionadas foi alométrico positivo (b > 3). Os resultados obtidos desse estudo proporcionam informações para ampliar o entendimento na avaliação do crescimento do robalo-flecha em cativeiro, bem como contribuições em estudos realizados com outras espécies e com a aquicultura.(AU)


The analyses of the relationship among the biometric characteristics of reared juvenile common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) provide important data for evaluating the biology and growth, but further studies are still necessary in this area. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, in reared juvenile common snook, the relationship between body weight and pre-dorsal distance, width, length of caudal fin, caudal peduncle height, height, head length, standard length and overall length, identifying the type of growth involved in this relationship. The characteristics of overall length, standard length, height and head length were highly correlated with body weight, ranging between 0.92 and 0.94. The type of growth among the related characteristics was allometrically positive (b>3). These results provide important information to increase the understanding of growth evaluation of reared common snook, as well as providing contributions in studies with other species in aquaculture.(AU)


Los análisis de la relación entre características biométricas en róbalos juveniles (Centropomus undecimalis), cultivados, proporcionan datos importantes para la evaluación de la biología y del crecimiento, pero es necesario más estudios en esta área. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar en róbalos juveniles cultivados, la relación entre el peso vivo con la distancia pre-dorsal, anchura, longitud de la aleta caudal, altura del pedúnculo caudal, altura, longitud de la cabeza, longitudes estándar y longitud total, identificando el tipo de crecimiento involucrado en esa relación. Las características longitud total, longitudes estándar, altura y longitud de la cabeza, presentaron alta correlación con el peso vivo variando entre 0,92 y 0,94. El tipo de crecimiento entre las características relacionadas fue alométrico positivo (b> 3). Los resultados de ese estudio proporcionan informaciones para ampliar el entendimiento en la evaluación del crecimiento de róbalo en cautiverio, así como contribuciones en estudios realizados con otras especies y con la acuicultura.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Biometric Identification/statistics & numerical data , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/growth & development , Fisheries
13.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(3): 717-726, jul.-sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-778079

ABSTRACT

Chromis cyaneaes una de las especies marinas más comunes y abundantes de los arrecifes cubanos. En este estudio se cuantifica la infracomunidad de parásitos durante el desarrollo ontogenético de Chromis cyanea(Pisces: Pomacentridae) de la costa norte de La Habana, Cuba. Los objetivos son probar que las especies núcleo son responsables de la estructura en la infracomunidad y aparecen antes que las especies raras y estocásticas. Determinar si existe relación entre los descriptores ecológicos de la infraco-munidad parásita con la longitud total. Se capturaron 278 ejemplares de C. cyaneadurante la estación de seca (Abril) del 2010. Se analizó un rango de tallas de 1.5 a 11.5 cm de largo total y se incluyeron ejemplares juveniles y adultos. Se recolectaron 2 861 especímenes parásitos pertenecientes a 20 taxa: Crustacea (5), Nematoda (5), Trematoda (4), Cestoda (2), Monogenea (2), Turbellaria (1) y Ciliophora (1). Los taxa Tetraphyllidea y Anilocra chromisconstituyen el núcleo de la infracomunidad parásita. La secuencia de aparición y la persistencia de estos taxa durante el desarrollo ontogenético apoyan la hipótesis de las especies núcleo. Los cambios en la infracomunidad, a partir de la talla de 6 cm, podrían ser el resultado de un efecto acumulativo unido a cambios en la dieta que provocan la ingestión de nuevos estadíos infectivos. Se concluye que el desarrollo ontogenético de C. cyaneaconstituye una variable importante en la formación de la infracomunidad parásita.


The infracommunity of parasites of Chromis cyanea(Pisces: Pomacentridae) was studied along the ontogenetic development in the North coast of Havana, Cuba. The objectives were: a- to prove that the core species appears before the strange and stochastic species and they are responsible for the structure in the infracommunity, b- to determine if there is a relationship among the ecological describers of the parasitic infracommunity with the total length. A total of 278 specimens of C. cyaneawere captured during the dry season (April) of 2010. The body size range was from 1.5 to 11.5 cm including juvenile and adults. We collected 2 861 parasite specimens belonging to 20 taxa: Crustacea (5), Nematoda (5), Trematoda (4), Cestoda (2), Monogenea (2), Turbellaria (1) and Ciliophora (1). The taxa Tetraphyllidea and Anilocra chromisconstituted the core of the parasitic infracommunity. The sequence of appearance and persistence of these taxa during the ontogenetic development, supported the hypothesis of the core species. The changes in the infracommunity, from 6 cm body size, could be the result of an accumulative effect combined with changes of the diet that caused the ingestion of new parasite infective stages. We concluded that the ontogenetic development of C. cyaneaconstitutes an important variable in the formation of the parasitic infracommunity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Perciformes/parasitology , Body Size , Cuba , Host-Parasite Interactions , Perciformes/classification , Seasons
14.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(3): 727-739, jul.-sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-778080

ABSTRACT

The Amazonian fish species Plagioscion squamosissimus(Sciaenidae) and Cichla monoculus(Cichlidae), have been widely introduced into different reservoirs in Brazil, and have caused many negative impacts on local fish fauna. The aim of this study was to evaluate the population structure (abundance, length structure, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and length at first maturity) and the reprodutive period of these two species in the Santa Cruz Reservoir (built in 2002), located in the Brazilian semiarid region, for their adequate management and local species conservation policies. Specimens were collected quarterly in eight sites from February 2010 to November 2013 using gillnets (12 to 70 mm mesh between adjacent knots). The specimens captured were counted and the following biometric and biological data were analysed: standard length, total weight, and reproductive data, such as, sex, weight and gonadal maturity stage. The species abundances were estimated by CPUE and expressed as the number of individuals per gill net area x gill net exposition time (m2 x h); length frequency histograms were built with intervals of 5 cm. The length-weight parameters were estimated with a linear regression after a logarithmic transformation of the data. With the reproductive data we estimated sex ratio, reproduction period and length at first maturity (L50). We captured a total of 1 071 specimens of P. squamosissimusand 156 specimens of C. monoculus.Both species showed higher abundances in 2010, 0.004306 m2 x h and 0.00022 m2 x h, respectively, but this parameter decreased from 2010 to 2013. Standard length ranged between 6.4 and 46.2 cm for P. squamosissimus(20.025.0 cm was the most frequent class), and 7.0 and 38.7 cm for C. monoculus(10.0-15.0 cm was the most frequent class). The length-weight relationships were described by the following equations: log10Wt = -1.8349+3.0899log10Lp and R2 = 0.9795 for P. squamosissimus,and log10Wt = -1.7944+3.0885log10Lp and Wt = 0.0160 and R2 = 0.9929 for C. monoculus;both species exhibited positive allometric growth. The sex ratio for both species differed from 1:1, with a predominance of females for P. squamosissimusand males for C. monoculus.The Lp50 was estimated to be 15.90 cm for P. squa-mosissimusand 15.65 cm for C. monoculus,and the reproductive data indicated that both species reproduced throughout the year. We concluded that although the population of both species reduced their abundance over the study period, P. squamosissimusand C. monoculusare established and structured populations in the Santa Cruz Reservoir with individuals growing satisfactorily and reproducing in all seasons, without a well-defined reproductive peak. We suggest that the managers may allow the artisanal and/or sport fisheries of these species.


Las especies de peces amazónicos Plagioscion squamosissimus(Sciaenidae) y Cichla monoculus(Cichlidae), se han introducido ampliamente en diferentes embalses en Brasil, y han causado muchos impactos negativos sobre la fauna de peces locales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura poblacio-nal (abundancia, estructura de tallas, relación talla-peso, proporción de sexos, y talla de primera madurez) y el período reproductivo de estas dos especies en la represa Santa Cruz, (construida en el 2002), situada en la región semiárida de Brasil. Las muestras se recogieron trimestralmente en ocho sitios de febrero 2010 a noviembre 2013 mediante redes de pesca (12 a 70 mm). Los ejemplares capturados se contaron y se analizaron los siguientes datos bio-métricos y biológicos: longitud estándar, peso total, y datos reproductivos, tales como: sexo, peso y estado de madurez gonadal. Capturamos un total de 1 071 ejemplares de P. squamosis-simusy 156 de C. monoculus.Ambas especies mostraron mayor abundancia en el 2010, 0.004306 m2 x h y 0.00022 m2 x h, respectivamente, pero este parámetro disminuyó de 2010 a 2013. La longitud estándar osciló entre 6.4 y 46.2 cm para P squamosissimusy 7.0 y 38.7 cm para C. monoculus.Las relaciones talla-peso fueron descritas por las siguientes ecuaciones: log10Wt = -1.8349 + 3.0899log10Lp y R2 = 0.9795 para P squamosissimusy log10Wt = -1.7944 + 3.0885log10Lp y Wt = 0.0160 yR2 = 0.9929 para C. monoculus;ambas especies mostraron un crecimiento alométrico positivo. La proporción de sexos para ambas especies difirió de 1:1, con un predominio de hembras en P. squamosissimusy machos en C. monoculus.El LP50 se estimó en 15.90 cm para P. squamosissimusy 15.65 cm para C. monoculus,los datos de reproducción indicaron que ambas especies se reproducen durante todo el año. Llegamos a la conclusión de que aunque la población de ambas especies redujo su abundancia durante el período de estudio, P. squamosissimusy C. monoculusestán ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Introduced Species , Perciformes/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Sexual Maturation/physiology , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/growth & development , Seasons , Sex Ratio
15.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 13(3): 613-624, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-760450

ABSTRACT

The aim was to investigate the major C21 steroids produced by spermiating white croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae) in order to establish the potential mediator of gamete maturation in males of this species. The testes steroid production at the spawning season was identified incubating the 3H-17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione precursor through thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, enzymatic oxydation, acetylation and immunochemistry analyses. 17,20β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) and 11β,17,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (cortisol) were the main metabolites produced. Contrary to what we expected, 17,20β,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was not detected. Circulating levels of 17,20β-P were undetectable in immature testes and in those at the first spermatogenesis stages, while a clear increase was observed during the whole spermatogenesis and spermiation phases (from undetectable to 1047 pg mL-1). In vitro studies together with plasma detection suggest that 17,20β-P is a good steroid candidate involved in M. furnieri testes maturation. The role of cortisol during late phases of testes development needs further studies.


El objetivo fue investigar cuales eran los esteroides C21 más importantes producidos por los testículos en espermiación de la corvina blanca Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae) para poder identificar los potenciales mediadores de la maduración gamética de los machos de esta especie. Los esteroides producidos por los testículos en espermiación fueron identificados después de su incubación con el precursor 3H-17-hidroxi-4-pregnene-3,20-diona a través de cromatografía de capa fina y cromatografía líquida de alta presión y posteriormente por oxidación enzimática, acetilación e inmunoquímica. Los principales metabolitos producidos por los testículos en espermiación fueron la 17,20β-Dihidroxi-4-pregnen-3-ona (17,20β-P) y la 11β,17,21-Trihidroxi-4-pregnene-3,20-diona (cortisol). Contrariamente a lo esperado, no se encontró el derivado tri-hidroxilado de la progesterona llamado 17,20β,21-Trihidroxi-4-pregnen-3-ona. Los niveles circulantes de 17,20β-P fueron no detectable en los testículos inmaduros y en aquellos en inicios de espermatogénesis, mientras que un aumento claro en las concentraciones circulantes fue detectada en corvinas en plena espermatogénesis y en espermiación (desde no detectable a 1047 pg mL-1). Los resultados obtenidos in vitrojunto a los cambios a nivel plasmático sugieren que la 17,20β-P es un buen candidato a proponer como esteroide involucrado en la regulación del proceso de maduración testicular de la corvina. La función del cortisol a nivel testicular debería ser mejor estudiada en las etapas finales del desarrollo testicular de esta especie.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/physiology , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Progestins/analysis , Progestins/chemical synthesis
16.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 13(2): 431-438, 26/06/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752453

ABSTRACT

This study highlights the analysis of the morphological and genetic variation of the common sea bream Pagrus pagrus, and compares its two main areas of concentration: the northern (35ºS - 38ºS) and the southern areas (39ºS - 41ºS) of the Buenos Aires coast of the Argentine Sea. Body shape characterization presented two significantly different morphotypes (Wilks' Lambda=0.224, P<0.001). Northern individuals displayed a higher middle area while southern ones were smaller and their caudal peduncle was shorter. The northern and southern areas did not yield significant genetic differences either with the control region or the microsatellite loci, revealing that P. pagrus is not genetically structured. However, individuals from these areas should not be managed as a single group since they display distinct life history traits, responsible for morphological differentiation. The presence of two spawning areas with distinctive characteristics would define two stocks of P. pagrus from the Buenos Aires coast.


El estudio comprende un análisis de la variación morfológica y genética del besugo Pagrus pagrus, comparando dos áreas principales de concentración, una Norte (35ºS - 38ºS) y otra Sur (39ºS - 41ºS) en la costa bonaerense del Mar Argentino. La caracterización de la forma del cuerpo mostró dos morfotipos diferenciados significativamente (Wilks´ Lambda= 0.224, P<0.001), presentando en el área Norte una mayor altura en la parte media del cuerpo y una menor longitud y altura del pedúnculo caudal que los correspondientes al área Sur. Las áreas Norte y Sur no presentaron diferencias genéticas significativas, tanto para la región control del ADN mitocondrial como para los loci microsatélites, revelando que P. pagrus no está estructurado genéticamente. Sin embargo, los individuos de estas áreas no deberían manejarse como un mismo grupo ya que presentan distintas características de historia de vida, responsables de la diferenciación morfológica. La presencia de dos sitios de cría con características distintivas, definiría para P. pagrus dos stocks en la costa bonaerense.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/classification , Perciformes/genetics , Population
17.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2): 285-288, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749678

ABSTRACT

The gempylid Nesiarchus nasutus is reported for the first time from Argentinean waters, the southernmost occurrence of the species in the Southwestern Atlantic. This suggests that the fluctuating environmental characteristics of the area would be proper for the presence of tropical and subtropical species.


A ocorrência de Nesiarchus nasutus é registrado pela primeira vez em águas argentinas, sendo a esta ocorrência mais meridional da espécie no Atlântico Sudoeste. Isto sugere que as características ambientais flutuantes da área seriam adequadas para a presença de espécies tropicais e subtropicais na mesma.


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/classification , Argentina
18.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2): 423-430, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749702

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to investigate the feeding habits allowing the occurrence of the congeneric species Stellifer rastrifer and Stellifer brasiensis, collected on a seasonal basis, in the operating area of the artisanal seabob-shrimp trawl fishery in Porto Belo, an important fishing area on the southern Brazilian coast. Fish were collected seasonally from November 2009 to August 2010, in isobaths of 10, 20 and 30m. Of the 450 stomachs analyzed, 194 belongd to Stellifer rastrifer and 242 to Stellifer brasiliensis. From the totality of analyzed stomachs 33.49% were empty and 66.52% had some content. Crustacea were the predominant food category in the diet of S. rastrifer and S. brasiliensis, and the shrimp Acetes americanus was the most frequent crustacean in stomachs of both studied species. The overlapping in the diet of the species was high, however when analyzing the overlap in each season it was found that it occurred only during spring and winter. Although the most important items in the diet of these species are the same, the intake of each alternates in time, suggesting a difference in predation pressure, which leads to less direct competition in a given time.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os hábitos alimentares que possibilitam a ocorrência das espécies congêneres Stellifer rastrifer e Stellifer brasiensis, coletados sazonalmente, na área operacional da pesca artesanal do camarão sete-barbas, em Porto Belo, uma área de pesca importante na costa sul do Brasil. Os peixes foram coletados sazonalmente de novembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010, em isóbatas de 10, 20 e 30m. Dos 450 estômagos analisadas, 194 eram de S. rastrifer e 242 de S. brasiliensis. Da totalidade dos estômagos analisados 33,49% estavam vazios enquanto 66,52% tinham algum conteúdo. Crustacea foi a categoria de alimento predominante na dieta, e o camarão Acetes americanus foi o crustáceo mais freqüente nos estômagos de ambas as espécies. A sobreposição na dieta foi alta, porém a cada estação do ano, verificou-se que a sobreposição ocorreu apenas durante a primavera e o inverno. Embora os itens mais importantes na dieta destas espécies sejam os mesmos, o consumo de cada um é alternado no tempo, o que sugere uma diferença na pressão de predação, levando a uma menor competição direta em um determinado momento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Gastrointestinal Contents , Perciformes/physiology , Brazil , Perciformes/classification , Seasons
19.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2): 362-367, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749704

ABSTRACT

Preliminary studies showed that dorsal artery contraction mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) is blocked with indomethacin in intertidal fish (G. laevifrons). Our objective was to characterize the cholinergic pathway in several artery vessels of the I. conceptionis. Afferent and efferent branchial, dorsal and mesenteric arteries were dissected of 6 juvenile specimens, isometric tension studies were done using doses response curves (DRC) for Ach (10–13 to 10–3 M), and cholinergic pathways were obtained by blocking with atropine or indomethacin. CRC to ACh showed a pattern of high sensitivity only in efferente branchial artery and low sensibility in all vessels. Furthermore, these contractions were blocked in the presence of atropine and indomethacin in all vessels. Our results corroborate previous results observed in intertidal species that contraction induced by acetylcholine is mediated by receptors that activate a cyclooxygenase contraction pathway.


Estudos preliminares mostraram que a contração da artéria dorsal mediada por acetilcolina (ACh) é bloqueada com indometacina em peixes marinhos (G. laevifrons). Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a via colinérgica em várias artérias de I. conceptionis. Artérias aferentes e eferentes branquiais, dorsais e mesentéricas foram dissecadas de 6 espécimes juvenis. Os estudos de tensão isométrica foram feitos utilizando-se a curva dose - resposta (CDR) para Ach (10–13 a 10–3M), e identificaram-se as vias colinérgicas, bloqueando com atropina e indometacina. CRC para ACh mostrou um padrão de alta sensibilidade na artéria eferentes branquiais e baixa sensibilidade em todos os vasos sanguineos. Essas contrações foram bloqueadas na presença de atropina e indometacina em todas as artérias avaliadas. Nossos resultados confirmam que a contração induzida por acetilcolina é mediada por receptores muscarínicos que ativam ciclo-oxigenase.


Subject(s)
Animals , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Arteries/drug effects , Perciformes/metabolism , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/drug effects , Arteries/physiology , Atropine/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Perciformes/classification , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism , Signal Transduction
20.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(1): 175-187, Jan.-Mar. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-753784

ABSTRACT

Growth stanzas or abrupt changes in growth rates are present throughout the life span of fish. Identifying growth stanzas will help to adequately described growth taking into account that fishes are indeterminate growers. In this study, we used length-weight (L-W) relationships to analyze the growth stanzas in the Grouper-Snapper complex of Southern Gulf of Mexico. For this, the type of sexuality, sex and different sexual maturity phase were considered in the analyses of three species of gonochoric Snappers (Lutjanidae) and six species of protogynous hermaphrodite Groupers (Epinephelidae). Welch ANOVA tests were carried out to determine the existence of differences in length and weight between juveniles and adults per sex. According to the observed differences, L-W relationship parameters (a and b), standard error (SE b) and coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated for all species separately by sex and sexual maturity phase. Snappers’ juvenile-females b-value ranged from 2.44-2.77, juvenile-males from 2.16-2.94, adult-females from 2.63-2.80 and adult-males from 2.63-2.98. Groupers’ b-value ranged for juvenile-females 2.66-3.20, adult-females from 2.73-3.31 and for adult-males 2.93-3.29. For each relationship b-value was t-tested (t-Student) to explore differences from the allometric coefficient (b=3), which indicated changes in body form. Hypothesis test, for regression slopes (b) between Snappers’ juvenile-females vs. adult-females and juvenile-males vs. adult-males and Groupers’ juvenile-females vs. adult-females and adult-females vs. adult-males, indicated different growth stanzas related to gonadal development for Snappers, and to gonadal development and sex change in Groupers. The identification of growth stanzas is crucial to avoid an overestimation or misleading growth rate which is used in fisheries management to establish some target reference points, such as maximum sustainable yield or yield-per-recruit.


Distintos estados o estanzas de crecimiento descritos por cambios en el ritmo de crecimiento, se pueden observar en peces a lo largo de su vida ya que presentan crecimiento indeterminado. A través del análisis de relaciones longitud-peso (L-P), se identificaron distintas estanzas de crecimiento considerando el tipo de sexualidad, sexo y madurez sexual de individuos de tres especies de pargos (Lutjanidae) gonocóricos y seis de meros (Epinephelidae) hermafroditas protóginos. Pruebas independientes de ANOVA de Welch se aplicaron para conocer si existían diferencias estadísticas significativas en la media de la longitud y peso de juveniles, adultos, hembras y machos de pargos y en juveniles hembras, hembras y machos de meros. De acuerdo a las diferencias observadas, se procedió al cálculo de la relación L-P, parámetros a y b, error estándar (SE b) y coeficiente de determinación (R2) por separado (juveniles, adultos, hembras y machos) para cada especie. Los valores del parámetro b para todas las especies se encontraron dentro del rango esperado de 2.5 a 3.5 para pendientes de la relación L-P en peces. Los pargos tuvieron valores de b: juveniles de hembras de 2.44-2.77, juveniles de machos 2.16-2.94, hembras adultas 2.63-2.80 y machos adultos 2.63-2.98. Los meros tuvieron un valor de b para juveniles de hembras: 2.66-3.20, adultos hembras: 2.73-3.31 y adultos de machos: 2.93-3.29. Para cada relación, el valor de b fue probado a través de una prueba de t-Student para explorar diferencias significativas del coeficiente alométrico (b=3), lo cual indicaría cambios en la forma del cuerpo de los individuos. Finalmente pruebas de hipótesis sobre las diferencias entre pendientes obtenidas de las relaciones L-P mostraron distintas estanzas de crecimiento relacionadas en pargos con el desarrollo gonadal y en meros con el desarrollo gonadal pero también con el cambio de sexo. A través de este estudio se pudo observar la existencia de distintas estanzas de crecimiento en especies de alta importancia comercial para el Sur del Golfo de México. Por lo tanto se recomienda la obtención de las relaciones L-P por separado según el sexo y desarrollo gonadal de cada especie, para evitar una sobre estimación o un cálculo erróneo de la tasa de crecimiento poblacional la cual se utiliza en manejo de las pesquerías para determinar algunos puntos de referencia como el criterio de máximo rendimiento sostenible o bien el criterio de rendimiento por recluta.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Body Size , Body Weight , Gonads/growth & development , Perciformes/growth & development , Sexual Maturation , Mexico , Perciformes/classification
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